MERGER DAN AKUISISI LINTAS BATAS NEGARA

Isil Erel, Rose C. Liao dan Michael S. Weisbach, menyebutkan dalam artikel di The Journal of Finance berjudul “Determinants of Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions” bahwa. cross border acquisition, atau pengambilalihan (akuisisi) lintas negara, sebenarnya tidak berbeda dengan pengambilalihan secara domestik.

Perbedaannya, jelas Isil et al, hanya kepada sifat lintas negara dari cross border acquisition, yaitu pengambilalihan suatu badan usaha di suatu negara yang dilakukan oleh suatu badan usaha di negara lainnya.Misalnya, PT. XYZ dari Indonesia mengambilalih PT. ABC dari Malaysia.

Berdasarkan definisi tersebut, cross border acquisition dapat dilakukan oleh: 1) badan usaha di dalam negeri (mengambil alih badan usaha di luar negeri); atau 2) badan usaha di luar negeri (mengambil alih badan usaha di dalam negeri).

Tindakan cross border acquisition oleh suatu badan usaha di dalam negeri terhadap suatu badan usaha di luar negeri tunduk pada hukum negara yang menjadi domisili badan usaha yang diambilalih, karena tindakancross border acquisition tersebut dilakukan di luar yurisdiksi Indonesia.

Sehingga, menurut kami, tidak terdapat pengaturan untuk badan usaha negara di dalam negeri dalam melakukan cross border acquisition karena tindakan cross border acquisition dilakukan di luar yurisdiksi Indonesia.

Badan usaha di Indonesia yang melakukan cross-border acquisition akan mengikuti pengaturan mengenai pengambilalihan di negara terkait.

Sedangkan, untuk cross border acquisition yang dilakukan oleh badan usaha di luar negeri tunduk pada ketentuan-ketentuan mengenai pengambilalihan dalam peraturan-peraturan sebagai berikut:

a.    Peraturan Pemerintah No. 27 Tahun 1998 tentang Penggabungan, Peleburan dan Pengambilalihan Perseroan Terbatas;

b.    Peraturan Pemerintah No. 57 Tahun 2010 tentang Penggabungan atau Peleburan Badan Usaha dan Pengambilalihan Saham Perusahaan yang Dapat Mengakibatkan Terjadinya Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat.

Selain itu, badan usaha di luar negeri hanya dapat melakukan pengambilalihan terhadap badan usaha di dalam negeri yang berbentuk Perseroan Terbatas, karena Pasal 5 ayat (2) Undang-undang No. 25 Tahun 2007 tentang Penanaman Modal mewajibkan penanam modal asing berbentuk Perseroan Terbatas berdasarkan hukum Indonesia dan berkedudukan di dalam wilayah negara Indonesia.

Penanaman modal asing dilakukan dengan membeli saham suatu Perseroan Terbatas yang menjadi cara untuk mengambilalih suatu Perseroan Terbatas berdasarkan Pasal 1 angka (11) Undang-undang No. 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas.

Selebihnya, contoh yang Anda sampaikan adalah akuisisi anak-anak perusahaan Anadarko Petroleum Corporation, yaitu: Anadarko Ambalat Limited, Anadarko Bukat Limited, dan Anadarko Indonesian Nunukan Company oleh PT. Pertamina (Persero) melalui Pertamina Hulu Energi pada tanggal 10 Desember 2012 (lihat artikel Pertamina jadi operator Blok Nunukan yang dimuat laman antaranews.com) .

Bentuk perusahaan dari anak-anak perusahaan Anadarko Petroleum Corporation tersebut di atas berbentuk Perseroan Terbatas, sehingga dapat diakuisisi oleh PT. Pertamina berdasarkan Pasal 63 ayat (2) Undang-Undang No. 19 Tahun 2003 tentang Badan Usaha Milik Negara yang menyatakan bahwa suatu BUMN dapat mengambil alih BUMN dan/atau perseroan terbatas lainnya.”

http://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/detail/lt512d6d4432233/akuisisi-perusahaan-lintas-negara-%28cross-border-acquisition%29

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Confusing words

8. Confusing words – 1

Choose the correct word for each sentence.

Note: Answer is the one that underlined.

1. She works for an advertisement/advertising agency.
2. How will the increase in interest rates affect/effect your sales?
3. My bank manager has agreed to borrow/lend me another $2,000.
4. We’ve had to cancel/postpone the meeting until next Monday.
5. These machines are controlled/inspected at least once a day.
6. My plane was delayed/postponed by an hour due to computer failure.
7. Before coming here, I studied economics/economy at university.
8. I am interested/interesting in their new camera.
9. She applied for a job/work as a personnel officer.
10. Some employees have a long journey/travel to work every day.
11.  The cost of life/living has gone up again.
12. Please send precise measurements/measures when ordering.
13. We expect prices to raise/rise by at least five percent.
14. We only exchange goods if you produce a receipt/recipe.
15. I must remember/remind the boss about that meeting this afternoon.
16. Can you say/tell the difference between these two products?
17. The company is extremely sensible/sensitive to any criticism.
18. There’s some more paper in the stationary/stationery cupboard.

9. Banking Services

Fill each blank in the text with the correct word or phrase. Choose from the following list. Use each item once only.

accountant                                      clerk                                                      personnel officer

advertising executive                    computer operator                                R&D Manager

assembly person                            draughtsperson                                     receptionist

chauffeur                                        motor mechanic                                    salesperson

  

Bank offers many services to business and their customers. Here are some of the most common:

Many people now have a card which enables them to 1. withdraw money from a 2. cash dispenser. You feed your card into the machine and key in your PIN (personal identification number) and the amount of money you want. If you have enough in your account, the money requested will be 3. issued up to a daily limit. Your account is automatically 4. debited for the amount you have drawn out.

Provided you have a sound 5. credit rating, you can get a credit card from a bank and other 6. financial institution. To obtain goods or services, you present your card and sign a special voucher. When it receives the voucher, the credit card company pays the trader (less a 7. commission) and then send you a monthly 8. slip. Depending on the type of card you have, you will either have to pay 9. in full or be able to pay part of what is owed and pay 10. interest in the balance left 11. statement.

 If you need to make fixed payments at regular intervals, e.g. for insurance premiums, you can arrange a 12. credit transfer (sometimes known as a banker’s order) so that the bank will do this for you.

If you have several bills to pay, you can do this by 13. standing order . You write one cheque for the total sum involved, fill in a 14. outstanding for each bill and hand everything to the bank cashier.

The transfer system is also used by employers to pay 15. salaries directly into employees’ bank accounts.

If you are dealing with a supplier for the first time, a 16. banker’s draft may be used as payment. This is a cheque guaranteed by a bank and therefore it is not likely to ‘bounce’.

47. What’s the job?

accountant                                         clerk                                                      personnel officer

advertising executive                    computer operator                         R&D Manager

assembly person                             draughtsperson                                receptionist

chauffeur                                            motor mechanic                               salesperson

You will be in charge of a team of highly creative individuals delivering new quality products and enhancing our existing range.

1. personnel officer

With particular responsibilities for recruitment and selection. Communication skills and a pragmatic approach to problem solving essential.

2. R&D Manager

With mechanical design experience to work as a member of a team producing designs and drawings for production. Experience of our products range is not essential.

3. draughtperson

Duties include filing, mailing, relief reception and other general office work.

4.  receptionist

Needed for night shift. Clean modern factory. Varied work. Good eyesight essential.

5. assembly person

Successful applicant will be articulate and presentable. Remuneration includes retainer and car allowance plus commission structure.

6. salesperson

Reporting directly to Managing Director. You will take over financial control for all aspects of daily operation.

7. accountant

Sober habits, clean driving licence, able to be on call 7 days per week at times. Uniform supplied.

8. chauffeur

Must be experienced in the repair and maintenance of heavy duty vehicles. References must be provided from previous employers.

9. motor mechanic

You are the first person our clients will meet so you need to be friendly, stylish and efficient.

10. clerk

Some experience in the above-mentioned software is essential but training will be given to the successful applicant.

11. computer operator

You will be an essential member of an agency responsible for some of the country’s top accounts. You will be responsible for the administration of local and national promotions.

12. advertising executive 

As you were reading the advertisements, did you notice word partnerships such as financial control and communication skills?

Look through the advertisements again and see how many more you can find.

Complete each of the sentences below with a suitable word partnership taken from the advertisements.

1. We’re looking for new products to add to our selling list.
2. She’s an advertising executive of this team. We can’t do without her.
3. You get more money if you work on the advertising company but it ruins your social life.
4. He had a very good idea to solving problems.
5. I didn’t get the job as a driver as I didn’t have a driving license.
6. My concern are health and safety but I’m also concerned with the general welfare of employees.

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