Jumat, 04 April 2014

The 7 Traits Of Extremely Successful Entrepreneurs

First, what exactly is an entrepreneur?
Well, Wikipedia defines it like this:
“An entrepreneur is an owner or manager of a business enterprise who makes money through risk and initiative.”
And this would be kind of correct.
But for the sake of argument, let’s say there is an “entrepreneur” stuck in a job or maybe school, just itching to bust out and start their own business.  Do we wait to call them an entrepreneur after they’ve started their own business?
For example, before Steve Jobs or Bill Gates dropped out of college, would anyone have defined them as entrepreneurs?
Looking back, I would say these guys were probably born entrepreneurs.
Now did they pop out at birth and immediately set up a lemonade stand in the delivery room of the hospital charging the nurses 50 cents a cup?
Well, in reality - probably not.
But who would deny they were pumped full of the entrepreneurial “mindset” since birth?  I wouldn’t deny it.  Not one bit.
So what’s the point?  Well, the point is you can be an entrepreneur in mind and heart, but be stuck at the moment waiting for your time in the spotlight.
If this is you, then yes — go ahead and call yourself an entrepreneur.  The sooner you just admit it, and then work to do something about it, the better we’ll all be.
So, whether you’re an entrepreneur in-waiting, or you’re a full blown rhino of a business guru charging through the jungle, I’ve got a list of killer traits for you.
The question is:  How many of these do you have?  Well, let’s find out…
1. Abounding Curiosity
Yes, curiosity.  And no, not like “curiosity killed the cat”.  Goodness.  Let’s not get carried away here.   You don’t want to do something to get yourself killed.
But if you think about it  – entrepreneurs are curious little devils, aren’t they?
Every true entrepreneur I’ve ever met has been full of curiosity.
Always wondering about things.  Taking stuff apart to see how it works.  Asking people questions about their likes and dislikes.  Questioning why we keep doing things the same old way when maybe there is a better way.  And on and on.
So, are you a curious one?  In my mind, you’ve got to be.
And here’s the fun part on curiosity:
Curiosity means asking questions.  Asking questions inspires learning.  Learning births total domain knowledge and customer understanding.  Total domain knowledge and customer understanding leads to one rockin’ entrepreneur.
Yes?  :-)
2. Bursting with Creativity
So what’s a match made in heaven?   Sing with me…
“Curiosity and creativity sittin’ in a tree…    k-i-s-s-i-n-g…..  first comes love, then comes marriage….”
Well, you get the point.  They’re like two peas in a pod.   Curiosity + Creativity.
Not only do you have to be curious as an entrepreneur, you must also be creative.  Isn’t that the essence of entrepreneurism?  You know, to create stuff?
New products.  New solutions.  New ways.  Willing to think of all possibilities.  Almost like a child.
Seriously, our little children are more creative then we are sometimes.  You know, drawing cows jumping over the moon and making play-houses out of sticks and rocks.
Just resolve to be like them.
Chatting with top-dog entrepreneur Sam Blackman (Co-Founder and CEO of Elemental Technologies) recently, he told me flat-out:
“The ability to be creative as an entrepreneur is a must”.
And the really cool thing about this marriage of curiosity and creativity?
As you become more curious by asking questions and learning, it actually opens your mind to creativity.
So have no fear if you suffer a little in the creativity department — just start being more curious and voilà; up pops your creative juices.  See — a match made in heaven.
3. Clarity of Vision
We’ve all heard this one:  “Well, that guy is just a real visionary.  Entrepreneurial genius at its best.”
Big picture vision is a funny thing.  I think you either have it, or you don’t.  You either see beyond the trees and into the forest, or you don’t.
You simply need vision as an entrepreneur.  And more importantly?  Clarity around that vision.
Crucial to have a crystal clear vision of who you are; what you want to do; and where you want to go.
And the funny thing about getting clarity around your vision?  That’s where it starts.  In the beginning.  Just you and your clear vision.
Think of it as a beacon of light.  Guiding you on your journey.  And without it?  Smack dab in no-man’s land a thousand miles from where you wanted to be.
And believe me, that’s a bummer.
4. Ability to Communicate
You can have the brightest idea on the planet.  The next great invention to rival Edison.  An idea so powerful it blows anything Steve Jobs ever came up with away.
But if you can’t communicate it?  Might as well pack your bags and go home.
The ability to communicate effectively is huge for you and I as entrepreneurs.  We must be clear; concise; easy to understand.  Both in writing and verbally.
Why is this so important?  Well, because communication affects influence.  Communication affects relationships.  Communication affects results.
The really cool thing about communication is you can learn how to do it better.  It’s a necessary trait, but one you can master with practice.
Not a good communicator?  Practice starts at 8am tomorrow morning my friend…
5. Leadership Acumen
Just like we discovered from Brandon Mills –  you and I can’t be successful as one man bands.  Now yes, we can call ourselves “solopreneurs”.  But are we really?  Are we really able to do everything ourselves?
I think not.  Even with no employees, you definitely have a team of others working on your behalf.
Vendors, partners, mentors, contractors, and more.
You must be able to lead them.  Now again the great thing about the leadership trait is you can learn to do better.  If you stink as a leader, don’t fret.  You can learn how to be great.  You can learn how to lead with fire and passion.
Again, practice starts tomorrow morning at 8.  :-)
6. Loving Risk and Taking Action
Now it’s getting fun.  Risk.
Wow.  Love that word.  Just saying it brings a whole host of feelings…
Maybe you feel excited when you hear it?  Sitting there conjuring up images of fast cars and base jumping.  Get your heart pounding?  Can’t wait to strap it on and feel the rush of adrenalin pouring through your blood?  Yikes.  You’re a shoe-in for an entrepreneur.
Or, perhaps the feeling crawling up the back of your neck is one of fear:  Fear of stepping out.  Fear of making a fool of yourself.  Fear of risking — and then losing it all.
Here’s the bottom line:  Your tolerance for risk has to be low.  It doesn’t matter if you figure out ways to “mitigate” risk (which you should), or you spend 10 years in the planning stage of business (plan yes, 10 years – no), in the end; you have to get off your tail and take action.  Period.
Entrepreneurs take risks.  They take action.  Each one may have a slightly different risk meter, but when the time comes; they step out of their comfort zone and risk through taking action.
I mean seriously — your company is not going to build itself while you sit there on the couch eating bon-bons.
So get up; throw the bon-bons in the trash; and do something.  Will you?
7. Tenacious Beyond Belief
True entrepreneurs never, never, never quit.  Never.
Like a bull-dog latched onto a bone.  Like a mountain lion with its jaws around the neck of a deer.  You’re not prying any of this loose.  And the same goes for trying to hold a good entrepreneur down.  Not going to happen.
Tenacity is the crème de la crème trait you must have as an entrepreneur.  My VC buddy Dino told me straight up several months ago:
“The number one trait you find in all successful entrepreneurs is tenacity.  Just the sheer will to keep going, even when things look impossible.”
Are things going to look impossible for you as an entrepreneur?  You better believe it.  Will you feel like giving up and throwing in the towel?  Absolutely.  But do you need to fight off the urge to quit and keep pressing on?  YES!
Here’s the deal on this last trait:  You can probably squeeze by with mediocre levels of each of the other traits on this list.  But if you’re a day late and dollar short in the tenacity department?  You’re as good as done.  You’re pretty much dry toast.
Why?  Well because you quit silly.  You gave up.  You handed your entrepreneur badge and gun back in.
So keep fighting when you feel like quitting.  Be tenacious.  You’ll get there.  You’ll be the best entrepreneur you can be.  Right?


»»  selengkapnya...

Tugas Bahasa Inggris bisnis 2

Simple Present Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau kegiatan yang berlangsung/terjadi pada waktu sekarang dalam bentuk sederhana, kegiatan atau pekerjaan yang dilakukan berulang-ulang, kebiasaan sehari-hari, peristiwa atau perbuatan yang tidak ada kaitannya dengan waktu, dan untuk mengekspresikan kebenaran umum.

Simple Present Tense menggunakan jenis "TO BE 1" and "VERB 1"
TO BE 1 terdiri dari: am, is, are (untuk selengkapnya, lihat tabel berikut)

I
Am
You

Are
They
We
He

Is
She
It

I


Do / Don't
You
They
We
He
She
It

Does / Doesn't

CATATAN:
DO dan DOES digunakan pada kalimat tanya.
DON'T (DO NOT) dan DOESN'T (DOES NOT) digunakan pada kalimat negatif.
TO BE 1 (am, is, are) digunakan ketika suatu kalimat tidak ada unsur kata kerja (NON VERB)

Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat Simple Present Tense

Mengekspresikan kalimat Simple Present Tense yang menggunakan kata kerja (VERB)

+
Subject + Verb 1 + Object
-
Subject + DON'T / DOESN'T + Verb 1 + Object
?
DO / DOES + Subject + Verb 1 + Object?
?
Question Word + DO/ DOES + Subject + Verb 1?

Contoh :
+
I speak English everyday
She speaks English everyday
-
I don't speak English
She doesn't speak English

?
Do you speak English?
Jawaban: Yes I do, atau No, I don't
Does she speak English?
Jawaban: Yes She does, atau No, She doesn’t
?
Why do you speak English everyday ?

PENTING:
Hanya pada kalimat positif, untuk subject "He, She, It", penggunaan kata kerjanya (VERB) harus diakhiri dengan "s/es." Penambahan “s/es” pada kata kerja dasar (inifinitive) adalah sebagai berikut:

Pada umunya kata kerjanya langsung ditambah dengan akhiran “-s”, contohnya:
Work – Works
Write – Writes
Speak – Speaks

Kata kerja yang berakhiran huruf “ch, o, s, sh, x” ditambah akhiran “-es”, contohnya:
Pass - Passes
Finish - Finishes
Teach - Teaches
Go - Goes
Fix - Fixes

Kata kerja yang berakhiran dengan huruf “-y” dan dimulai dengan huruf matiakhiran “-y”diubah menjadi “-i” kemudian ditambah “-es”, contohnya:
Study - Studies
Carry - Carries
Cry - Cries

Sedangkan kata kerjanya berakhiran dengan huruf “-y” yang diawali dengan huruf hidup, cukup ditambah dengan akhiran “-s” saja, contohnya:
Buy - Buys
Play - Plays
Say - Says

Apabila kata kerjanya diawali dengan huruf kata kerja bantu (Modal Auxiliaries), maka tidak mendapatkan tambahan “s/es”,contohnya:
He Will work
She Can open
He Must close

Fungsi Simple Present Tense pada kalimat verbal

Menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang menjadi kebiasaan atau yang dilakukan pada waktu-waktu tertentu (Habitual Action), contohnya:
We study hard everyday.
She visits the library twice a month.

Menyatakan suatu kebenaran atau kenyataan umum, atau suatu kebenaran yang dianggap terjadi terus-mnerus (The General Truth), contohnya:
A year has twelve months.
The sun rises in the East.

Mengekspresikan kalimat Simple Present Tense yang tidak menggunakan kata kerja (Non VERB)

+
Subject + To be 1 + Non Verb + Object
-
Subject + To be 1 + NOT + Non Verb + Object
?
To be 1 + Subject + Non Verb + Object?
?
Question Word + To be 1 + Subject + Non Verb + Object?

Contoh :
+
I am a teacher.
She is a teacher.
-
I am not a teacher.
She is not a teacher.

?
Are you a teacher?
Jawaban: Yes I am, atau No, I am not
Is she a teacher?
Jawaban: Yes She is, atau No, She is not

?
What are you ?
Jawaban: I am a teacher
Where is your sister ?
Jawaban: She is here

Fungsi Simple Present Tense pada kalimat nomial

Untuk menyatakan suatu keadaan yang sedang berlangsung saat ini atau sekarang atau perbuatan yang merupakan suatu kebiasaan, contohnya:
I am a teacher.
They are here now.

Untuk menyatakan kebenaran umum, tetapi dalam kalimat nominal ini tidak digunakan keterangan waktu, contohnya:
Ice is cold.
Fire is hot.

Keterangan waktu untuk Simple Present Tense  yang digunakan adalah:
Every hour, every minute, every morning, everyday, in the morning, once a week, on Sunday, at five o’clock and so on.
Pengertian Simple Past Tense

Simple Past Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau kegiatan yang terjadi dimasa lampau dan waktu terjadinya persitiwa itu telah diketahui.

Simple Past Tense menggunakan jenis "TO BE 2" and "VERB 2"
TO BE 2 terdiri dari: was & were (untuk selengkapnya, lihat tabel berikut)

I
Was
You

Were
They
We
He

Was
She
It

I



Did / Didn't
You
They
We
He
She
It

CATATAN:
DID  digunakan pada kalimat tanya.
DID NOT (DIDN'T)  digunakan pada kalimat negatif.
TO BE 2 (Was & Were) digunakan ketika suatu kalimat tidak ada unsur kata kerja (NON VERB)
VERB 2 hanya digunakan pada kalimat positif saja.

Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat Simple Past Tense

Mengekspresikan kalimat Simple Past Tense yang menggunakan kata kerja (VERB)

+
Subject + Verb 2 + Object
-
Subject + DID NOT (DIDN'T) + Verb 1 + Object
?
DID + Subject + Verb 1 + Object ?
?
Question Word + DID + Subject + Verb 1 ?

Contoh :
+
He bought a pair of shoes yesterday.
-
He didn't buy a pair of shoes yesterday.

?
Did he buy a pair of shoes yesterday?
Jawaban: Yes He did, atau No, He did not (didn't)
?
Why did he buy a pair of shoes yesterday?

Pada contoh kalimat positif diatas menggunakan kata kerja bought (bentuk Verb 2 dari katabuy). Hanya pada kalimat positif saja Verb 2 digunakan.

Fungsi Simple Past Tense pada kalimat verbal

Biasanya digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu keadaan yang telah dilakukan diwaktu lampau dan selesai pada saat itu juga atau untuk menggambarkan suatu kejadian yang terjadi pada saat tertentu diwaktu lampau, contohnya:  
She finished my homework in the library yesterday.
They worked with me two months ago.

Mengekspresikan kalimat Simple Past Tense yang tidak menggunakan kata kerja (Non VERB)

+
Subject + To be 2 + Non Verb + Object
-
Subject + To be 2 + NOT + Non Verb + Object
?
To be 2 + Subject + Non Verb + Object?
?
Question Word + To be 2 + Subject + Non Verb + Object?

Contoh :
+
I was a singer 5 years ago.
We were a singer 5 years ago.
-
I was not a singer 5 years ago.
We were not a singer 5 years ago.
?
Were you a singer 5 years ago?
Jawaban: Yes I was, atau No, I was not

?
Where were you last night?
Jawaban: I was at home.
Why was she absent yesterday?
Jawaban: She was sick yesterday

Fungsi Simple Past Tense pada kalimat nomial

Biasanya digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kebiasaan diwaktu lampau tetapi tidak berlangsung lagi sekarang, contohnya:
When I was young, I worked hard

Keterangan waktu untuk Simple Past Tense  yang digunakan adalah: 
yesterday, last night, last week, yesterday morning, an hour ago, two days ago, and so on.

Pengertian Simple Future Tense / Present Future Tense

Simple Future Tense atau Present Future Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau kegiatan yang akan terjadi dimasa akan datang.

Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat Simple Future Tense

Mengekspresikan kalimat Simple Future Tense yang menggunakan kata kerja (VERB)

+
Subject + WILL / SHALL + Verb 1 + Object
-
Subject + WILL / SHALL + NOT + Verb 1 + Object
?
WILL / SHALL + Subject + Verb 1 + Object ?
?
Question Word + WILL / SHALL + Subject + Verb 1 ?

Contoh :
+
She will go to Paris tomorrow.
-
She will not (won't) go to Paris tomorrow.
?
Will she go to Paris tomorrow ?
Jawaban: Yes She will, atau She, will not (won't)
?
When will she go to Paris?
Who will come here?

Mengekspresikan kalimat Simple Future Tense yang tidak menggunakan kata kerja (NON VERB)

+
Subject + WILL / SHALL + be + Non Verb + Object
-
Subject + WILL / SHALL + NOT + be + Non Verb + Object
?
WILL / SHALL + Subject + be + Non Verb + Object ?
?
Question Word + WILL/SHALL + Subject + be + Non Verb + Object ?

Contoh :
+
He will be alone tomorrow.
-
He will not (won't) be alone tomorrow.
?
Will he be alone tomorrow?
Jawaban: Yes he will, atau No, she will not (won't)
?
When will he be in Las Vegas?
Why will you be here tomorrow night?

Menggunakan "TBGoing To"

Pola kalimat verbal Simple Future Tense dapat diganti dengan kalimat yang menggunakan to be + going to untuk menggantikan shall dan will.

Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat menggunakan "TBGoing To"

+
Subject + To be + going to + Verb 1 + Object
-
Subject + To be + Not + going to + Verb 1 + Object
?
To be + Subject + going to + Verb 1 + Object ?
?
Question Word + To be + Subject + going to + verb 1 +?

Contoh :
+
I am going to read a newspaper tomorrow.
-
I am not going to read a newspaper tomorrow.
?
Are you going to read a newspaper tomorrow?

?
What are you going to read?
Who is going to come here tomorrow?

Untuk informasi selengkapnya, silahkan baca juga mengenai fungsi dan penggunaan Will and To Be Going Tosemoga bermanfaat.

Keterangan waktu untuk Simple Future Tense yang digunakan adalah: 
tomorrow morning, tomorrow night, next week, next year and so on.

Pengertian Present Perfect Tense

Present Perfect Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan, keadaan atau peristiwa yang terjadi di masa lampau. Dan pada saat berbicara kegiatan/perbuatan tersebut telah selesai dilakukan.

Present Perfect Tense menggunakan jenis "TO BE 3" and "VERB 3"
TO BE 3 adalah: been (untuk selengkapnya, lihat tabel berikut)

I




been
You
They
We
He
She
It

I


Have
You
They
We
He
She
It

Has

CATATAN:
TO BE 3 (been) digunakan ketika suatu kalimat tidak ada unsur kata kerja (NON VERB).
Untuk semua jenis kalimat, baik positif, negatif, atau kalimat tanya pada Present Perfect Tensemenggunakan VERB 3.

Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat Present Perfect Tense

Mengekspresikan kalimat Present Perfect Tense yang menggunakan kata kerja (VERB)

+
Subject + Have/Has + Verb 3 + Object
-
Subject + Have/Has + NOT + Verb 3 + Object
?
Have/Has + Subject + Verb 3 + Object?
?
Question Word + Have/Has + Subject + Verb 3 + Object?

Contoh :
+
I have lived here for 2 years.
-
I have not (haven't) lived here for 2 years.
?
Have you lived here for 2 years?
Jawaban: Yes, I have, atau No, I have not (haven't)
?
Why Have you lived here for 2 years?
Who has killed her father?

Mengekspresikan kalimat Present Perfect Tense yang tidak menggunakan kata kerja (Non VERB)

+
Subject + Have/Has + To be 3 + Non Verb + Object
-
Subject + (Have/Has + NOT) + To be 3 + Non Verb + Object
?
Have/Has + Subject + To be 3 + Non Verb + Object?
?
Question Word + Have/Has + Subject + To be 3 + Non Verb + Object?

Contoh :
+
She has been here for 4 hours
-
She has not (hasn't) been here for 4 hours
?
Has she been here for 4 hours?
?
Where have you been for the last 4 hours?

Fungsi Present Perfect Tense

Menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang baru saja terjadi hingga hasilnya atau akibatnya dari tindakan tersebut masih dapat dilihat hingga saat dibicarakan, contohnya:
She has written a letter.
Artinya: dia sudah menulis surat.

Menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang telah selesai pada saat yang tidak tertentu diwaktu lampau, tetapi waktu terjadi peristiwa tersebut tidak dipentingkan. Yang paling penting adalah hasil dari perbuatannya sekarang, contohnya:
She has locked the door, and now we can’t open it.
Artinya: dia sudah mengunci pintu, dan sekarang kita tidak dapat membuka pintunya.

Menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang telah terjadi tetapi waktu terjadinya persitiwa tersebut belum selesai, contohnya:
I have written this letter this week.
Artinya: Saya sudah menulis surat ini pada minggu ini (tidak tepat kapan hari/jam pebuatannya).

Menyatakan suatu kegiatan ulangan yang tidak tertentu sebelum sekarang. Pada umunya bentuk kalimat ini sering diikuti oleh before, ever, already, never, yet, contohnya:
I have heard this before.
Artinya: saya sudah mendengar ini sebelumnya.

Menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang telah terjadi di masa lampau dan masih terjadi pada saat sekarang dan akan datang, contohnya:
I have been here since yesterday.
Artinya: saya sudah di sini sejak kemarin (dan sampai sekarang masih tetap disini/ di lokasi yg sama).

Menunjukkan suatu kegiatan yang selesai dalam waktu singkat. Pada umumnya digunakan kata-kata at last, finally, just, contohnya:
I have just met him.
Artinya: saya sudah (baru saja) bertemu dia.

Keterangan waktu untuk Present Perfect Tense  yang digunakan adalah:
since yesterday, since two days ago, since last week, for three days, for three weeks, and so on.

I.                    TENSES FORMS
1.       I spend my money
a. I spent my money
b. I will spend my money
c. I have spent my money
2.       They use that one
a. They used that one
b. They will use that one
c. They have used that one
3.       We study English together
a. We studied English together
b. We will study English together
c. We have studied English together
4.       They discuss their work
a. They discussed their work
b. They will discuss their work
c. They have discussed their work
5.       They have enough time
a. They had enough time
b. They will have enough time
c. They have had enough time
6.       I do all of the lessons
a. I did all of the lessons
b. I will do all of the lessons
c. I have done all of the lessons
7.       He sits in that row
a. He sat in that row
b. He will sit in that row
c. He has sat in that row
8.       I drive my car
a. I drove my car
b. I will drive my car
c. I have driven my car
9.       She hides her money
a. She hid her money
b. She will hide her money
c. She has hidden her money
10.   We go to school
a. We went to school
b. We will go to school
c. We have gone to school
11.   He takes much time
a. He took much time
b. He will take much time
c. He has taken much time
12.   Does he eat there?
a. Did he eat there?
b. Will he eat there?
c. Has he eaten there?
13.   Do you enjoy that work?
a. Did you enjoy that work?
b. Will you enjoy that work?
c. Have you enjoyed that work?
14.   Does he write many letters?
a. Did he write many letters?
b. Will he write many letters?
c. Has he written many letters?
15.   Do you send many letters?
a. Did you send many letters?
b. Will you send many letters?
c. Have you sent many letters?
16.   Do they explain everything?
a. Did they explain everything?
b. Will they explain everything?
c. Have they explained everything?
17.   Does she attend that class?
a. Did she attend that class?
b. Will she attend that class?
c. Has she attended that class?
18.   Do you have enough time?
a. Did you have enough time?
b. Will you have enough time?
c. Have you had enough time?
19.   Do they copy the sentences?
a. Did they copy the sentences?
b. Will they copy the sentences?
c. Have they copied the sentences?
20.   Does she have much trouble?
a. Did she has much trouble?
b. Will she has much trouble?
c. Has she had much trouble?
21.   Does she do good work?
a. Did she do good work?
b. Will she do good work?
c. Has she done good work?
22.   Do the students practice?
a. Did the students practice?
b. Will the students practice?
c. Have the students practiced?
23.   I don’t stay there
a. I didn’t stay there
b. I won’t stay there
c. I haven’t stay there
24.   He doesn’t work hard
a. He didn’t work hard
b. He won’t work hard
c. He hasn’t work hard
25.   I don’t have any energy
a. I didn’t have any energy
b. I won’t have any energy
c. I haven’t had any energy
26.   He doesn’t pay his bills
a. He didn’t pay his bills
b. He won’t pay his bills
c. He hasn’t paid his bills
27.   We don’t see that fellow
a. We didn’t see that fellow
b. We won’t see that fellow
c. We haven’t seen that fellow
28.   She doesn’t use this one
a. She didn’t use this one
b. She won’t use this one
c. She hasn’t used this one
29.   They don’t remember it
a. They didn’t remember it
b. They won’t remember it
c. They haven’t remembered it
30.   I don’t do much work there
a. I didn’t do much work there
b. I won’t do much work there
c. I haven’t done much work there
31.   He doesn’t listen carefully
a. He didn’t listen carefully
b. He won’t listen carefully
c. He hasn’t listened carefully


II.                  USING IRREGULAR VERBS
1.       Mr. Harris taught English at this school for five years
Mr. Harris has taught English at this school for five years
2.       I (write) three or four letters to that company
I have written three or four letters to that company
3.       The students in this class (do) those two lessons already
The students in this class have done those two lessons already
4.       I (know) Professor Moore for more than twelve years
I have known Professor Moore for more than twelve years
5.       Richard (take) three courses in English at this school
Richard has taken three courses in English at this school
6.       These steps are dangerous. I (fall) on them several times
These steps are dangerous I have fallen on them several times
7.       Mr. Kramer (be) in the United States for three years
Mr. Kramer has been in the United States for three years
8.       The janitor (shut, already) the back door
The janitor has already shut the back door
9.       The students (read) all of the stories in that book
The students have read all of the stories in that book
10.   Marjorie (choose) a pretty dress for the party
Marjorie has chosen a pretty dress for the party
11.   I (speak) to my boss about the problem several times
I have spoken to my boss about the problem several times
12.   That tree (grow) at least five feet since last year
That tree has grown at least five feet since last year
13.   Miss King (spend) over eighteen hundred dollars since May
Miss King has spent over eighteen hundred dollars since May
14.   Mr. and Mrs. Smith (buy) a new house in North Plains
Mr. and Mrs. Smith have bought a new house in North Plains
15.   The real estate agent (sell) the Smith’s old house
The real estate agent has sold the Smith’s old house
16.   Charles (have) a bad cold for a whole week
Charles has had a bad cold for a whole week
17.   I’m sorry. I (forget) the name of that book
I’m sorry. I have forgotten the name of that book
18.   We (hear, already) that new song several times
We have already heard that new song several times
19.   Mr. Wilson isn’t here. He (go) out of town for the weekend
Mr. Wilson isn’t here. He has gone out of town for the weekend
20.   Mr. Kennedy (wear) his blue suit to the office only twice
Mr. Kennedy has worn his blue suit to the office only twice
21.   I (sit) in this same seat since the first day of classes
I have sat in this same seat since the first day of classes
22.   The money isn’t in this drawer. Someone (steal) it!
The money isn’t in this drawer. Someone has stolen it!
23.   Up to now, I (understand) every lesson in the book
Up to now, I have understood every lesson in the book
24.   We (have) absolutely no trouble with our car so far
We have had absolutely no trouble with our car so far
25.   No one (find) that girl’s purse and gloves yet
No one has found that girl’s purse and gloves yet
26.   The weather (be) very warm ever since last Thursday
The weather has been very warm ever since last Thursday
27.   Mr. Anderson and Mr. Brown (have) lunch already
Mr. Anderson and Mr. Brown have had lunch already
28.   I ( see) the Empire State Building hundreds of times
I have seen the Empire State Building hundreds of times
29.   We (speak, already) to the director and (give) him the message
We have already spoken to the director and have given him the message
30.   Grandmother (fly, never) in an airplane before
Grandmother has never flown in an airplane before
31.   You (tear) your shirt! There’s a hole in the left sleeve
You have torn your shirt! There’s a hole in the left sleeve
32.   I (read, already) the customer’s letter and (write) a reply to him
I have already read the customer’s letter and have written a reply to him

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